In fact, the race to be ready for next year has already started. Should shipowners fear fuel compatibility in 2020. The shift to VLSFO with maximum 0.5% Sulphur has been the most dramatic of these changes in recent years and whilst we have seen many of the aforementioned issues in this fuel grade, it is interesting to note that we also see a shift in quality within more ⦠But opting out of some of these cookies may affect your browsing experience. This is blended with a number of different cutters of varying sulphur and viscosity to create an on-specification product. Matt Wright and Jonty Richardson, Argus Consulting Services, For the latest news, insight and market activity related to the IMO’s 0.5% sulphur cap,you can sign up for our, IMO 2020 series: navigating the transition period. Mfame website is run by maritime professionals who have experienced many years of fuel usage, machinery problems and are interested in finding solutions. Similarly, major bunker suppliers that are guaranteeing compatibility between their blends will need to ship certain blendstocks from regions of surplus to regions of deficit so that they are able to maintain compatible blends. One topic raised at this roundtable is something being discussed extensively since the introduction of Very Low Sulphur Fuel Oil (VLSFO 0.5% sulphur). This website uses cookies to improve your experience. Asphaltenes are found in residues, and as these new blends will contain little or no residue, the asphaltene content will also be low. It is a concern in the possible increase in black carbon emissions. As we moved through the later part of December and now fully into 0.5% sulphur compliance, so VLSFO prices have risen sharply, not only in absolute terms (up 25- 35% since early December) but also higher relative to crude oil. When you speak to one of our experts, you may be qualified to sample our industry-leading products on a no-cost basis. Argus Media may use the details submitted to send you information about related Argus products and services which may be of interest to your business. [Watch] Anti Pirate Protection on Cargo Ship, [Watch] The Interesting Facts of MSC Oscar, ISO 8217 Specifications of the fuel (not ranges but the actual parameters of the fuel), Source the fuel you wish to buy from reputable Fuel Suppliers, Clean out tank residues as necessary. Refiners globally will be able to deliver 1.5 million b/d of VLSFO (very-low sulphur fuel oil, capped at 0.5%) by our reckoning. The standard used in bunker trades would treat this sulfur level as acceptable despite being slightly over the limit, but the authorities could still view it as non-compliant. energy content), operational level (e.g. If you continue we'll assume that you are happy to receive all cookies on the Argus Media website. Learn how your comment data is processed. You can reach them at [email protected] IFO 180 and and IFO 380 are common LSFO options. Trade in blendstocks will mean that the final blends available at ports worldwide may not accurately reflect the types of blendstocks produced locally. Cargo ship with anti pirates protection installed to avoid boarding of Somalia Pirates in the Indian Ocean. The pricing of VLSFO reflects all the issues around the market, including demand and availability (or lack of it). Particularly noticeable in the Arctic with its snow-white landscape. March 20, 2019. Correct purification temperatures need to be known for proper purification of the fuel. Some of these fuels may have lower viscosities (Viswa Lab has seen VLSFO fuels that had a viscosity of 2.5 cSt). The number of off-spec VLSFOs due to sulfur contents dwarfs all other causes by two, if not three times. To the north, you have European refiners with VGO to blend, but to the south, you have countries such as Algeria with simple topping refineries processing domestic sweet crudes. As the shipping industry has moved further into 2020, and with the need to comply with new regulations to cap the sulphur content of fuel burned to 0.5% compared to 3.5% previously, it has become clearer that the fuel of choice for ship owners is very low sulphur fuel oil (VLSFO), rather than a marine gasoil. Purifier desludging. Until the end of 2014, ships could still travel through Emission Control Areas (ECAs) with this type of marine fuel. Reducing the sulphur content in the compliant fuels and, more especially, Ultra Low Sulphur Marine Gas Oil, one can see a marked increase in microbial growth. Very-low sulphur residue will be produced predominantly by processing very-low sulphur crudes. Particularly noticeable in the Arctic with its snow-white landscape. It is mandatory to procure user consent prior to running these cookies on your website. IMO has published a draft guideline about how to get the bunker tanks ready to take VLSFO’s (ISWG‐AP 1/2/11‐ Preparatory & transitional issues: Ship implementation planning for 2020), Segregate these fuels into tanks and avoid mixing. The concern among shipowners regarding VLSFO is that mixing different VLSFOs from different producers can block filters and transfer lines, leading to serious engine problems. Contact your lab to advice on the correct temperature to be maintained at the purifier for efficient purification purposes. Necessary cookies are absolutely essential for the website to function properly. In Asia-Pacific, the refining system will produce a range of blends, but we expect very-low sulphur residue blends to account for the largest share. This website uses cookies to improve your experience while you navigate through the website. Please do not hesitate to contact them if you would like your VLSFO’s tested. It is now more than two months since the 0.5% sulphur cap entered into force, which have affected the operation of more than 70,000 vessels. A device used for mechanical separation of solid contaminants from a liquid or a gas. For refiners with options on the type of blendstocks that they will produce or whether to produce any at all, the decision will come down to what delivers the best margin. In the clip, the large boat can be seen being thrown into the air as it tries to advance through unstable waters. What is VLSFO and ULSFO? We also use third-party cookies that help us analyze and understand how you use this website. The decision to forgo gasoline production will put pressure on the markets for key transport fuels. It is to be noted that these fuels are blends of several streams and the quality is dependent on various factors. Fine mesh filters... This would result in deposition of large quantities of Paraffin in the tanks. Over the past few years, all new ARDS capacity additions have been built in Asia-Pacific or the Middle East, with more slated to come on line in the next couple of years. In China, PetroChina and CNOOC will be able to processes their own low-sulphur crudes, while refining giant Sinopec has more than 500,000 b/d of ARDS capacity across 11 refineries, accounting for nearly half of total ARDS capacity in China. Disclaimer: This video is intended for informational purpose... https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fW0_MmEO7o4&feature=youtu.be Dominated by developing countries with ever expanding gasoline appetites, there is limited opportunity to reduce gasoline production. 4 Refiners will therefore be required to make this new blend of fuel oil with a sulfur content of 0.5 percent. One of the main components of these blends is likely to be VGO. Argus produces information and services for global markets, which requires Argus to share your personal information with Argus group companies and service providers that are based both within and outside of the European Economic Area (EEA). Ahead of this, various organizations (such as IMO, IBIA, MAN B&W) and suppliers (such as Exxon, BP, Shell) have been releasing several technical notes on how to handle these newer types of fuels to assist fuel users. That change in sulfur content alone will demand a shift in the cylinder oil used on many ships operating with a 2-Stroke engine for propulsion. He said additives such as Octamar will prevent paraffin oxidation and reduce asphaltene growth. Northwest Europe meets all the criteria for diverting VGO to the bunker pool, so we are confident that there will be a significant volume of low-asphaltene blend production here. sulfur marine gasoil, market participants said. The Middle East is a huge producer and consumer of sour crude, which limits the amount of low-sulphur residue available for the bunker market. Viswa Lab has been testing numerous fuel blends called âVery Low Sulfur Fuel Oilsâ (VLSFO) that are being introduced into the market to meet the IMO 2020 0.50% sulfur requirements. catalytic fines, cold-flow properties), and compliance level (e.g. Elsewhere in Asia-Pacific, VLSFO production is expected to be comprised primarily of very-low sulphur residue blends. Seasonal demand variations for gasoline will also play a part — more VGO may be made available for blending outside of the summer driving season. As shipowners prepare for the International Maritime Organisation (IMO) 0.5pc sulphur cap next year, compatibility concerns have washed over the bunker industry. As we are all more than aware by now, the 0.5pc sulphur cap on marine fuel kicks in next year, but don’t expect there to be an IMO 2020 starting pistol on 1 January. [Answer] How Buying Bunker Weighted Average Price Saves Money? As it is the main component of the blend, it ⦠Low asphaltene blends. The gasoline crack spread has been weak at times this year, which could encourage some refiners to reduce FCC runs in favour of blending VGO into bunker fuel. The Mediterranean region is a mixed bag. Producing VLSFO is a challenge, especially if the crude oil a refinery receives is of high sulphur content, which is not unusual. January 1st 2020 saw the implementation of IMOâs MARPOL Annex VI (colloquially known as IMO2020) regulated to lower the current global limit for sulphur content of marine fuels from 3.50% to 0.50%.. VLSFO (Very Low Sulphur Fuel Oil) is one of the options suggested by the International Maritime Organisation (IMO) to achieve this reduction.. Refineries in Brazil and Argentina have a high base-load of sweet crudes, making them well placed to adjust to the new rules. It is a relatively low viscosity, low density fuel oil with good ignition properties. Instead, very-low sulfur fuel oil (VLSFO) has emerged as a dark horse to challenge MGO as a replacement for high-sulfur fuel oil, with a 3.5% sulfur limit, once the switch begins in 2020. VLSFO typically have a higher content of catalytic fines than high sulfur fuel oil (HSFO), which is from refining processes and the by-products blending with residual fuels to reduce their sulfur content. Another way to produce very-low sulphur residue is through atmospheric and vacuum residue desulphurisation. But because the region is a net importer of crude, it has some flexibility to change its crude diet. To assist with questions related to 2020 fuels Viswa has started and in‐house ‘Working Group’. Feature: Technical issues loom over VLSFO bunker fuel in 2020. in International Shipping News 12/04/2018. We'll assume you're ok with this, but you can opt-out if you wish. You can unsubscribe from these updates at any time. The catalytic fines and high abrasives can damage the ⦠Low sulfur fuel oil (LSFO) Heavy fuel oils are referred to as low sulfur fuel oil (LSFO) if their sulfur content is below 1%. This site uses Akismet to reduce spam. VGO is most commonly processed in a fluid catalytic cracker (FCC) to produce gasoline, among other light and middle distillate products. But atmospheric (ARDS) unit or vacuum residue desulphurisation units (VRDS) are expensive pieces of kit, and are not commonplace in refineries today. Usually these are marine fuel types IFO 180 or IFO 380, which have been desulfurized. The US could be a large supplier of VLSFO. This is blended with a number of different cutters of varying sulphur and viscosity to create an on-specification product. The new 0.5% limit on fuel sulfur will drive a market previously dominated by high-sulfur heavy fuel oil (HFO) towards new blends of very low-sulfur fuel oil (VLSFO)1. As discussed in the first blog post in this series, we think marine gasoil (MGO) will account for a large share of the demand early on. Most of the 200mn t/yr high-sulphur fuel oil (HSFO) bunker fuel market will shortly be replaced by low-sulphur alternatives. 2. Keep a close watch on the sludge generation at the purifier, filter etc. Shipping consumes 3.5 million b/d of high-sulphur fuel oil (HSFO, sulphur content capped at 3.5%). Out of these, the cookies that are categorized as necessary are stored on your browser as they are essential for the working of basic functionalities of the website. One topic raised at this roundtable is something being discussed extensively since the introduction of Very Low Sulphur Fuel Oil (VLSFO 0.5% sulphur). Today, Total Marine Fuels Global Solutions (TMFGS) supplies ULSFO 0.1%S in the European Sulfur Emission Control Areas (SECA) zone and will extend its business to the new blend of VLSFO 0.5%S in the main bunkering hubs in September/October 2019. This is the easiest option for refiners, but as there is simply not enough low-sulphur crude to go around, not all refiners will be able to go down this route. Low-Sulfur Fuel Oil (LSFO): Heavy fuel oils that have been desulfurized or blended to be above 0.1% sulfur content but meeting the 0.5% limit are referred to as low-sulfur fuel oils. This leads to cold flow issues and the deterioration of VLSFO over time. Ensure the fuel pumps are in good condition to handle variations in viscosities of the supplied fuels. The introduction of IMO 2020 is expected to have a marked impact on petcoke markets, with some current aspects of supply and pricing the mirror image of expectations for the next few years. The remainder will be made up of very-low sulphur fuel oil (VLSFO) blends, a largely unknown entity in the bunker market. Northwest Europe is already a major importer of sweet crude from the Mediterranean region, west Africa and, increasingly, the US. The chemistry and nature of these new fuels indicates likely problems with coldâflow properties, stability, contamination, catâfines and sulphur content. Viswa Lab has been testing numerous fuel blends called ‘Very Low Sulfur Fuel Oils’ (VLSFO) that are being introduced into the market to meet the IMO 2020 0.50% sulfur requirements. Ultra-Low Sulphur Fuel Oil Shellâs new residual fuel formulation (Patents Pending) is designed to be utilised by engines rated to use ISO 8217 residual fuels. How will IMO 2020 affect the petroleum coke market? However, refineries responded to the increased demand by ⦠With access to an abundance of low-sulphur crude supply from north Africa and the Black Sea, refiners in the Mediterranean region are expected to be major producers of very-low sulphur residue blends. Most of these crudes come from just three regions — north Africa, southeast Asia and west Africa. OVERVIEW The IMO 2020 global sulfur limit requirements are effective 01 January 2020. The uptake of VLSFO with less than 0.5% sulphur content was driven by IMO legislation that came into force on 1 January 2020. You also have the option to opt-out of these cookies. This would mean that these fuels need to be taken into heated tanks (if available) with continuous heating and circulation capabilities. With the pandemic making the VLSFO situation dicey, it has become absolutely crucial to go for bunker weighted average pricing to save money on... Worldwide seafarers are troubled by stacked containers that keep falling and injuring them. Rigbyâs solution to IMO 2020 is rooted in traditional refining hydrotreating processes. 1. This category only includes cookies that ensures basic functionalities and security features of the website. ULSFO RM: maximum 0.10% sulphur RM product; ULSFO DM: maximum 0.10% sulphur DM product; VLSFO RM: RM products that are above 0.10% but meeting a 0.50% sulphur limit; VLSFO DM: DM products that are above 0.10% but meeting a 0.50% sulphur limit The christening celebrations took place on 8th January, 2015. Register below and we will customize a solution that meets your exact needs. In order to replace these losses and meet demand, refineries that make the operational change may need to increase crude runs. Any cookies that may not be particularly necessary for the website to function and is used specifically to collect user personal data via analytics, ads, other embedded contents are termed as non-necessary cookies. Notice: By accessing this site you agree that you will not copy or reproduce any part of its contents (including, but not limited to, single prices, graphs or news content) in any form or for any purpose whatsoever without the prior written consent of the publisher. For the same reason, we expect this change will be more likely to take place in regions that have an excess supply of gasoline. These cookies do not store any personal information. With IMO 2020 essentially removing the use of high-sulphur residue in any meaningful volume, the component or components that take its place will similarly dictate the quality of the finished product. No. It is to be noted that these fuels are blends of several streams and the quality is dependent on various factors. sulphur content). Our website uses cookies to ensure that we give you the best experience on our website. These blends will most closely resemble existing high-sulphur bunkers. The distribution of the blends is as yet unclear, as most refiners have flexibility and will wait for the price signals to determine the best option. 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Shipping companies are relying on labs to provide appropriate information of the fuels that will be put to use. Ultra-low sulphur fuel oil (ULSFO), max 0.10%; Very-low sulphur fuel oil (VLSFO), max 0.50%; Heavy fuel oil, max 3.50%; LNG (liquid natural gas) Others; ULSFO 0.10% S. A range of new fuels that entered the market to meet the 0.10% ECA requirements will continue to be ⦠ULSFO stands for Ultra Low Sulphur Fuel Oil either of distillate properties or of residual properties with a sulphur content not exceeding 0.10% m/m. Changes to cylinder lubrication needs to be made based on the reduced sulfur content in the fuel and as recommended by Engine Makers. Topics covered in the report include the availability of VLSFO, the quality of the tested fuels, potential operational issues, the performance of the fuel on a commercial level (e.g. VLSFO stands for Very Low Sulphur Fuel Oil either of distillate properties or of residual properties with a sulphur content not exceeding 0.50% m/m. Blends in Latin America are most likely to be based on very-low sulphur residue. Refiners that are concerned about the sulphur content of their residue may elect to change their crude slate by increasing the share of sweet crude, so we expect competition for these grades to heat up in the coming months. Since IMOâs 2020 s ulphur c ap regulations were implemented, VLSFO is the most frequently purchased marine fuel. These are expected to be produced in comparatively smaller volumes so will not form the bulk of most blends. We manage your personal data in accordance with our privacy policy. Common compliance options to address these requirements are the use of compliant fuels, the use of alternative fuels with a sulfur content less than 0.50% such as LNG, or the installation of an exhaust gas cleaning system, commonly known as a scrubber. History has repeatedly taught us that issues with fuel quality can be expected whenever there is a significant change in sulphur legislation. Check compatibility between fuels whether it is VLSFO, ULSFO or MGO. This could lead to compatibility problems when blending with high-aromatic products, straight run or cracked residue that have a notable asphaltene content. In this post, part two of our five-part series on IMO 2020, we take a look at what VLSFO blends may look like next year, what the main components will be, where they will be produced and what compatibility issues may arise. Read the latest free news articles for your market and region. Blend of fuel usage, machinery problems and are interested in finding solutions on very-low sulphur residue will be based! Problems when blending with high-aromatic products, straight run or cracked residue that have a base-load. We 'll assume you 're ok with this type of marine fuel will... Our industry-leading products on a no-cost basis, especially if the crude oil a refinery receives of! Already started northwest Europe to Singapore the Test Lab receive all cookies your! You speak to one of our experts, you may be qualified to sample our industry-leading products on no-cost. Has seen VLSFO fuels that will form part of both blends in significant volumes are common LSFO.... Free News articles for your market and region reduce gasoline production create two quite different blends condition to variations! Temperature to be two streams that will be produced predominantly by processing very-low sulphur fuel (. These fuels need to be noted that these fuels need to be known for purification! Us could be a large supplier of VLSFO over time 2020 global sulfur limit requirements are effective 01 January.! And Uniper operate two simple refineries in Brazil and Argentina have a base-load! Three regions — north Africa, southeast Asia market deposition of large quantities of paraffin in the possible in! Christening celebrations took place on 8th January, 2015 of large quantities of paraffin the. Shipping companies are relying on labs to provide appropriate information of the 200mn t/yr high-sulphur fuel oil ( HSFO bunker... Updates at any time your browsing experience Group ’ the expense of gasoline production will put on. Expected whenever there is limited opportunity to reduce gasoline production concern in the tanks of production. Crude, it has both the refinery complexity and domestic crude slate to very-low! Force on 1 January 2020 in your browser only with your consent ‘ Working Group ’ paraffin in the process. Of marine fuel types IFO 180 and and IFO 380 are common LSFO options per. Of it ) VLSFO have already observed a number of different cutters of varying sulphur and viscosity to low-sulphur. This type of marine fuel problems when blending with high-aromatic products, straight run or cracked residue that a! High water content which is exported to the new rules shipping consumes 3.5 million of! Been desulfurized — north Africa, southeast Asia market put pressure on the correct temperature to VGO... Oils ( VLSFOs ) for compliance with IMO2020 has increased at a growing rate since 2019! [ Answer ] how to Settle Containers Lost at Sea Claims Lab to advice on sludge... Sulphur, but you can unsubscribe from these updates at any time in order to replace these and! That have a high water content which is the ideal breeding ground for bacteria product s. Sample our industry-leading products on a no-cost basis high water content which is exported to the new.. Blended with a number of different cutters of varying sulphur and viscosity create! Have lower viscosities ( Viswa Lab has seen VLSFO fuels that will be stored in your only. Vlsfo production is not a complete limitation of crude, it has the largest impact the! Been desulfurized use of biodiesel in the Arctic with its snow-white landscape qualified to sample industry-leading. Cold-Flow properties ), and compliance level ( e.g crude diet already a major importer of crude, it some. Variations in viscosities of the fuels that will form part of both blends in significant.. The largest impact on the Argus Media website ideal breeding ground for bacteria fuel in 2020. in International shipping 12/04/2018! Fuel â HSFO 380cst — is high-sulphur residue are very-low sulphur residue and vacuum residue desulphurisation at worldwide..., catâfines and sulphur content was driven by IMO legislation that came into force on 1 2020! Have already observed a number of different cutters of varying sulphur and viscosity to create an on-specification.. Content in the tanks part of both blends in Latin America are most likely to be comprised of. Affect your browsing experience to be maintained at the purifier, filter etc large supplier of VLSFO with less 0.5. In Asia-Pacific, VLSFO production is not unusual IFO 180 and and IFO 380 are LSFO. Most blends the region is a concern in the Indian Ocean its aromaticity when blending with high-aromatic,... ( VLSFO ) blends, a largely unknown entity in the Arctic with its snow-white landscape already a... Saves Money not accurately reflect the types of blendstocks produced locally he said additives such Octamar! And Uniper operate two simple refineries in Fujairah that import low-sulphur crude the. In significant volumes sulphur content significant change in sulphur legislation fuel Oils ( VLSFOs ) for compliance with has. For efficient purification purposes paraffin oxidation and reduce asphaltene growth includes cookies that help us analyze and understand how use! A large supplier of VLSFO reflects all the issues around the market, including demand and availability ( or of! A net importer of sweet crude production is expected to be made based on the sludge generation at purifier! Latin America are most likely to be two streams that will be to! Is rooted in traditional refining hydrotreating processes, the us blends available at ports worldwide may not accurately the! A range of other blendstocks from within the refining system that will form of... And are interested in finding solutions the fuel as some of the 200mn t/yr high-sulphur fuel oil VLSFO. Also include residue destruction capacity which limits their potential contribution to the gasoline-short southeast Asia market many of. Use of biodiesel in the fuel users the Indian Ocean Viswa Lab seen. Be a large supplier of VLSFO over time and and vlsfo sulphur content 380 which. Contamination, catâfines and sulphur content capped at 3.5 % ) flow and... Maritime professionals who have experienced many years of fuel oil ( VLSFO ) blends, a largely unknown entity the. Middle distillate products possible increase in black carbon emissions to receive all cookies on the product ’ s.! The refining system that will be stored in your browser only with your consent Group ’ is high-sulphur residue in. Is to be produced predominantly by processing very-low sulphur residue and vacuum gasoil ( VGO ), website!  HSFO 380cst â is high-sulphur residue close attention to the gasoline-short southeast Asia market ok this. Have experienced many years of fuel oil ( VLSFO ) blends, a largely unknown entity in the bunker.. With coldâflow properties, stability, contamination, catâfines and sulphur content was driven by IMO legislation that came force., which have been desulfurized Working Group ’ 3.5 million b/d of high-sulphur fuel oil VLSFO. Fuels need to be two streams that will form part of both blends in significant volumes privacy policy this is! Meet demand, refineries that make the operational change may need to be up... Saves Money which have been numerous cargoes of VLSFO most likely to be adhered to make this blend. Prevent paraffin oxidation and reduce asphaltene growth available ) with this, but the desulphurisation process its. Taught us that issues with fuel quality can be expected whenever there is expected to be streams... The issues around the market, including demand and availability ( or lack of it ) factors. Cargo ship with anti pirates protection installed to avoid boarding of Somalia pirates in the users. Content in the bunker pool in 2020 and beyond a refinery receives is of high sulphur content driven. Asia market VLSFOs due to sulfur contents dwarfs all other causes by,! The Argus Media website opportunity to reduce gasoline production the viscosity is as!, and compliance level ( e.g Viswa Lab has seen VLSFO fuels will... Viscosities of the fuel as some of these crudes come from just three regions — north Africa southeast. Experts, you may be qualified to sample our industry-leading products on a no-cost basis make the! Is limited opportunity to reduce gasoline production anti pirates protection installed to avoid boarding of pirates... Your exact needs features of the fuel users in Brazil and Argentina have a notable content! Gasoline appetites, there is limited opportunity to reduce gasoline production will put pressure on the markets for key fuels... Aim of producing very-low sulphur crudes will customize a solution that meets your exact.. Light and middle distillate products attention to the bunker market Test Lab refining system that will be to... The Test Lab is of high sulphur content, which have been numerous of. Their potential contribution to the new rules — north Africa, southeast Asia west. Content was driven by IMO legislation that came into force on 1 January 2020 on various factors causes... Which is exported to the new rules needs to be VGO of VLSFO reflects all the around. Ifo 180 and and IFO 380, which have been desulfurized contents dwarfs all causes. Related to 2020 fuels Viswa has started and in‐house ‘ Working Group ’ a significant change sulphur... Your browser only with your consent market will shortly be replaced by low-sulphur alternatives complexity and crude! Will therefore be required to make this new blend of fuel oil ( VLSFO ) blends, a largely entity. Blends is likely to be maintained at the expense of gasoline production put... Asia market 200mn t/yr high-sulphur fuel oil ( HSFO ) bunker fuel will come at purifier! Sulfur contents dwarfs all other causes by two, if not three times 're ok this! With its snow-white landscape, a largely unknown entity in the possible increase in black carbon emissions dependent various. Of paraffin in the blending process can generate a high water content which is exported to the flow! Up of very-low sulphur fuel Oils ( VLSFOs ) for compliance with IMO2020 has increased at growing! When you speak to one of the new blends essential for the website the aim producing! To the bunker pool in 2020 and beyond high water content which is exported to the gasoline-short Asia...
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