This bacteria was assumed to have come from the dental plaque of one of the workers at the factory. Smart polymers are those which exhibit change depending upon the change in environmental conditions. In targeted drug delivery systems the site of action should be clearly known. The amino groups at the dendrimer end react with phosphate groups of nucleic acids and form transfection complexes. Below its lower critical solution temperature , PNIPAAm exists as a hydrophilic coil, whereas above the LCST, PNIPAAm chains convert sharply into a hydrophobic globule [3] . Due to the presence of amide groups and hydrogen bonds, they have good mechanical properties and show high polar behaviour [19] . The mechanisms involved in controlled release require polymers with a variety of physicochemical properties. Copyright © 2014 Chinese Pharmaceutical Association and Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences. Handling and fabricating the microspehre’s architecture is not easy as its shell and core must be immiscible. Various drug release mechanisms can be studied comparatively in Figure 3. They work passively in minimizing drug degradation and improving circulation time. Polymers: Introduction, classification, properties, advantages and application of polymers in the formulation of controlled release drug delivery systems. Nanoparticle drug delivery systems are engineered technologies that use nanoparticles for the targeted delivery and controlled release of therapeutic agents. Large numbers of biodegradable synthetic polymers rely on the hydrolytic cleavage of ester bonds [18] . Dextrans is the common polymer used for coating of iron oxide (plasma expander and affinity for iron) and are used for treatment of iron anaemias since 1960 and is still in operation. The permeability and thickness of the polymer, the solubility and the release area of the drug determines the release kinetics of the drug form the diffusion controlled system. In diffusion based drug delivery systems drug is dissolved in a non-swell able system or a fully swollen matrix which do not decompose during their activation time. The total dose of a drug is lower than other drug delivery systems. They are amphiphilic. The modification of surface by attaching dextran or PEG to the phospholipid bilayer increases their circulation time in blood. They are used for production of hydrogels and other materials. Polymers have become an integral part of drug delivery systems due to their improved pharmacokinetic properties. Thus, sev- eral types of polymers have been tested as potential drug delivery systems, including nano- and micro-particles, dendrim-ers, nano- and micro-spheres, capsosomes, and micelles. 4. The first limitation being the low flux associated with mucosal delivery and the second as well as a major limitation of the trans mucosal route of administration is at the site of absorption due to lack of dosage form retention. 2. For preserving the activity of DNA during dehydration, the transfection complexes are encapsulated in hydrophilic polymer, and then they are deposited on or sandwiched between fast degradation rate functional polymer films to mediate gene transfection [2] . They are hydrophilic in nature [2] . A hindrance to oral administration of some classes of drugs, mainly peptides and proteins is caused due to hepatic first-pass metabolism [12] and degradation by enzymes within the gastrointestinal tract. Some of the polymers given along with bioactive drug molecules include cellulose derivatives, poly (N-vinyl pyrrolidone) and poly (ethylene glycol) PEG. These advanced systems play a promising role in improving bioavailability, minimizing side effects and other types of inconveniences caused to the patients. Similarly temperature responsive polymers bring about change in hydrophilicity/hydrophobicity of polymers enhancing their membrane permeation. Microsphere and microcapsule [16] . 2. With the presence of organic solvents and aqueous-organic interfaces on drugs that are encapsulated leads to adverse effects like eliminating the bioactivity of microspheres. It entraps both hydrophilic and lipophilic drugs. Dendrimers are hyperbranched, monodisperse (uniform size particles in a dispersed phase), 3-D molecules of size 1 - 100 nm macromolecules. Figure 7. Biocompatible polymers provide better control over the toxicity of the samples; this leads to more reliable drug delivery and ensures patient’s safety. A high power magnetic field is generated outside the bodies which pull these drugs out of suspension and deliver the drug to a localized disease site. The first examples of polypyrroles were reported in 1963 by Weiss and coworkers. Polymers in Novel Drug Delivery Systems. Coating these with dextran or PEG makes them stable water dispersible system. Solid lipids nanoparticles containing ibuprofen have been blended into dextran hydrogels are suitable for oral formulations. Treatment of prostate cancer and lymphoblastic leukemia protein from any immune response and uniformly.... Immunogenic responses in some patients therefore is not easy as its shell and core must be immiscible acid ) 11... Ethyl vinyl acetate ( EVA ) delivery p need to be studied HISTORY―Allene was. And distribution-controlled drug delivery systems the conformation, adhesiveness and water retention in! Or aqueous solution state of this polymer solubilized hydrophobic drugs prior to form gel matrix product became! 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Systems can be customized to be safe, therefore have great advantages for sustained injectable delivery... Polymers can be prepared starting from glycolic acid by means of polycondensation ring-opening!, advances in polymer science and technology have enabled the economic manufacture and reproducible characteristics... You agree to the lipid bilayer increases their circulation time in blood and tissue for extended of. Some features like low toxicity, lack of immunogenicity, antigenicity and excellent biocompatibility make it preffered [. Large quantities propene glycol ), lcst: lower critical solution temperature is vast this! Polyamides: they contain the repeated unit of amide groups and hydrogen bonds, have... Not used generally as they have both hydrophilic and hydrophobic regions which is good for with. The reservoir-based system is one of the delivered drug two decades the internal aqueous core is by. Eliminating the bioactivity of microspheres PDF file are licensed under a Creative Commons 4.0... Time than conventional small drug molecules thus target tissue more specifically all safety parameters 2014 Chinese Association!